• Smith (1986)
  - 1st stage (situation)
  - Athlete has objective demands that are beyond her ability to address. Like the demands are presented in form of pressure to win, excessive practice and training time, and also a low return on her time investment. (Sacrificing on so many things yet so little return back.)
  
  - 2nd stage ( cognitive appraisal)
  - How they view about the demands
  Because of how they view it, it results in a threat to the athlete in the form of perceived overload, lack of control, feelings of helplessness and even lack of meaning.
  
  - 3rd stage (physiologic response )
  - An effect/consequences of how they view about the situation/demands.
  Which results in physiologic response showing in form of anxiety/tension, depression, insomnia, fatigue, and/or susceptibility to illness.
  
  - 4th stage ( coping and task behaviors)
  - How she cope/responds with her demands/situation ( after effect of the stages)
  - Behaviors or Response such as inappropriate behavior, decreased performance. This eventually leads to burn out if viewed negatively.

• Schmidt & Stein (1991)
  Not only stress that will lead to burnout, there is also commitment of the athlete that how much they understand about the sport that they are doing and also what actually make them have motivation to be engage in the sport.
  
  There are three primary determinants influence athlete commitment.
  - First will be the satisfaction based on rewards and cost associated with sport.
  e.g. will be if an athlete who have to spend a lot of time on training and effort of learning new skill and the athlete feel that it is just like a routine but not interest. This will make them not wanting to go for training.
  
  - Second will be the attractiveness of alternative options.
  e.g. If an athlete is a school marathon runner, but someone actually approach you that they want to invite you join the national runner, which have a higher pay and better fame. This is one of the reason that be being attracted.
  
  - Third will be resources athletes have invested in sport.
  e.g. it will be the equipment that they have bought and the money they have spend on it, the athlete will find it a pity to actually quit as they spend a lot on this particular sport.

• Coakley (1992)
  Desire to feel personal control
  When an athlete comes to believe that she/he no longer has control over an activity, she/he loses intrinsic motivation for the activity.
  
  Desire to develop identity
  - Athletes from backgrounds in which life chances are so limited that they cannot conceive of an attractive alternative identity separate from sport.
  
  - Athletes who , because of sport involvement, have ready access to many opportunities not available to other.
  
  - Athletes who have been heavily rewarded for success in sport and are so tightly controlled because of that success that they are unaware of attractive alternatives.
  

• Increased resting and exercise heart rate
• Increased resting systolic blood pressure
• Increased muscle soreness and chronic muscle fatigue
• Increased presence of biochemical indicators of stress in the blood
• Increased sleep loss
• Increased colds and respiratory infections
• Decreased body weight
• Decreased maximal aerobic power
• Decreased muscle glycogen
• Decreased libido and appetite

• Increased mood disturbances
• Increased perception of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion
• Decreased self-esteem
• Negative change in the quality of personal interaction with other (cynicism, lack of feeling, impersonal relating)
• Negative cumulative reaction to chronic everyday stress as opposed to acute doses of stress

• Social isolation.. =/
  

1. Set a realistic goal that you can achieve
2. Know your limit and not to overtrain
3. Stop at the point where you cannot do it

I feel helpless on how to improve my skills and performance even further, that is why I didn’t want to stop training.

But also because I didn’t want to stop training, I have made myself feel fatigue and depressed, that is why I started to loss weight too.

Which causes me to BURN OUT!~